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<title>Musical tone</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Musical tone</span></span>

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<p>Traditionally in <a href="Western_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Western classical music">Western music</a>, a <b>musical tone</b> is a steady <a href="Periodic_function" title="Periodic function">periodic</a> <a href="Sound" title="Sound">sound</a>. A musical tone is characterized by its <a href="Duration_(music)" title="Duration (music)">duration</a>, <a href="Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>, <a href="Amplitude" title="Amplitude">intensity</a> (or <a href="Loudness" title="Loudness">loudness</a>), and <a href="Timbre" title="Timbre">timbre</a> (or quality).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Musical_note" title="Musical note">notes</a> used in <a href="Music" title="Music">music</a> can be more complex than musical tones, as they may include aperiodic aspects, such as attack <a href="Transient_(acoustics)" title="Transient (acoustics)">transients</a>, <a href="Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a>, and <a href="Envelope_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Envelope modulation">envelope modulation</a>.

</p><p>A <i>simple tone</i>, or <i><a href="Pure_tone" title="Pure tone">pure tone</a></i>, has a <a href="Sine_wave" title="Sine wave">sinusoidal</a> <a href="Waveform" title="Waveform">waveform</a>. A <i><b>complex tone</b></i> is a combination of two or more pure tones that have a periodic pattern of repetition, unless specified otherwise.

</p><p>The <a href="Fourier_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourier theorem">Fourier theorem</a> states that any periodic waveform can be approximated as closely as desired as the sum of a series of sine waves with frequencies in a <a href="Harmonic_series_(mathematics)" title="Harmonic series (mathematics)">harmonic series</a> and at specific <a href="Phase_(waves)" title="Phase (waves)">phase</a> relationships to each other. The common denominator frequency, which is also often the lowest of these frequencies is the <a href="Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">fundamental frequency</a>, and is also the inverse of the period of the waveform. The fundamental frequency determines the pitch of the tone, which is perceived by the human hearing. In music, notes are assigned to tones with different fundamental frequencies, in order to describe the pitch of played tones.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Tones were recognised by <a href="Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> philosopher <a href="Aristoxenus" title="Aristoxenus">Aristoxenus</a> (375–335 BCE), who called them "tensions".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Mathematics_of_musical_scales" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematics of musical scales">Mathematics of musical scales</a></li>

<li><a href="Reference_tone" title="Reference tone">Reference tone</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_test_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard test tone">Standard test tone</a></li>

<li><a href="Signal_tone" title="Signal tone">Signal tone</a></li>

<li><a href="Tonality" title="Tonality">Tonality</a></li>

<li><a href="White_noise" title="White noise">White noise</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<p><b>Citations</b>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJuan_G._Roederer2008" class="citation book cs1">Juan G. Roederer (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rYfqoc1dDmYC&pg=PA4"><i>The Physics and Psychophysics of Music: An Introduction</i></a> (fourth ed.). Springer. p. 4. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-387-09470-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#tonografia1841">tonografia1841, p. 37</a></span>

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<p><b>Works cited</b>

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<ul><li><cite id="tonografia1841" class="citation book cs1">Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z15VO6KvXuoC&pg=PP4"><i>La tonografia escogitata da Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi</i></a>. Napoli: Stamperia della Società Filomatica.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tone_(music)" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Tone (music)">Tone (music)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smackmypitchup.com/smpu/?sec=content&id=78&topid=123">Pure tones & complex sounds</a></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Musical_tone&oldid=1280468288">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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